{"id":112,"date":"2016-05-02T16:45:59","date_gmt":"2016-05-02T16:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/?p=112"},"modified":"2020-12-11T17:58:01","modified_gmt":"2020-12-11T17:58:01","slug":"sunday-writing-writing-a-conclusion-that-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/?p=112","title":{"rendered":"Sunday Writing: Writing a Conclusion (that Works)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-113\" src=\"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/end-over-finished-typewriter-ss-1920-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"end-over-finished-typewriter-ss-1920\" width=\"629\" height=\"354\" data-wp-pid=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/end-over-finished-typewriter-ss-1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/end-over-finished-typewriter-ss-1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/end-over-finished-typewriter-ss-1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/end-over-finished-typewriter-ss-1920-900x506.jpg 900w, https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/end-over-finished-typewriter-ss-1920-1280x720.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/end-over-finished-typewriter-ss-1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/end-over-finished-typewriter-ss-1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/>Writing the conclusion to a story can be hard!&nbsp; First off, the whole story has been leading to this last page, so the sense of responsibility to the story and to the reader is huge.&nbsp; I don&#8217;t want to end the story on a lame note, and I don&#8217;t want the readers to feel cheated, as if my story was a shaggy dog joke whose only point was in seeing how long I could keep them paying attention with the promise of a punch line that would never come.<\/p>\n<p>Brrr!<\/p>\n<p>I know writers who never finish a story because their fear of screwing it up is too great.&nbsp; And I&#8217;ve also read some stories that looked like they were going great until they reached their unsatisfying ending, which blew the whole story. *(check the note on this at the end)<\/p>\n<p>And you know what?&nbsp; Writers&#8217; fears are justified.&nbsp; The ending IS most of the reason for the story&#8217;s existence.&nbsp; I know, I know, I know . . . the journey is fun too, certainly in a novel there have to be little payoffs along the way, and who hasn&#8217;t read a book where they were ten pages from the end and they were just sad as hell that the story was going to finish?&nbsp; So there&#8217;s something to be said for middles too, but the ending still has to be right.<\/p>\n<p>How do you end the story you&#8217;re working on you ask?&nbsp; Sorry, can&#8217;t tell you for sure.&nbsp; Every story tends to its own ending, but I can share some principles that make sense to me.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The conclusion should wrap up the conflicts introduced at the story&#8217;s beginning.&nbsp; If the story starts with a question, the end answers it.&nbsp; If it is a mystery, the end solves it.&nbsp; If there is a threat, it is remove or carried out.&nbsp; If an action is initiated, it&#8217;s completed.&nbsp; If a journey is started, the travelers arrive.&nbsp; In other words, the end of the story should be like the solution to an equation the story has set up.&nbsp; Of course, sometimes the question isn&#8217;t answered, or the travelers never arrive, but the ending then is about the significance of not answering or not arriving.<\/li>\n<li>Many stories are about reversals.&nbsp; Whatever conditions exist at the beginning of the story are swapped.&nbsp; The humble have become great, the rich have become poor, the proud have been brought down, and the sad have become happy.&nbsp; Look at &#8220;A Christmas Carol,&#8221; &#8220;Sleepless in Seattle,&#8221; &#8220;Star Wars&#8221; (the first one), &#8221; &#8220;Cinderella,&#8221; etc.<\/li>\n<li>Some stories are not about reversing the initial conditions, but about getting back to them, except now the beginning is meaningful.&nbsp; <em>The Lord of the Rings<\/em> ends with Sam saying, &#8220;Well, I&#8217;m back,&#8221; and the implication is the world has been made right, or at least the Shire has.&nbsp; Ending where you began is a very effective technique, by the way.&nbsp; Nothing signals a reader more loudly that the story is over than to be back where you started.<\/li>\n<li>The last words of a story should be &#8220;bigger&#8221; than the words by themselves would be.&nbsp; The whole rest of the story exists to give the last words context, and this is where their &#8220;bigness&#8221; comes from.<\/li>\n<li>I&#8217;ll take a risk here and make a generalization: all effective endings work symbolically.&nbsp; The ending could be a symbolic line of dialog, or a symbolic action, or a symbolic gesture.&nbsp; In this sense, &#8220;symbolic&#8221; means &#8220;meaningful.&#8221;&nbsp; At the end of Steinbeck&#8217;s <em>The Pearl<\/em>, the villager throws the now hated pearl into the sea.&nbsp; His action is symbolic (and meaningful) because it shows him rejecting all the values the pearl has come to represent in the story.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One way to help with endings is to remember that a story isn&#8217;t written the way it is read.&nbsp; Readers start a piece not knowing the end, so they don&#8217;t know why details are there or where they are going.&nbsp; Writers, however, if they didn&#8217;t know the end when they started, they certainly know the end when they finish, and when they revise, they revise with the ending in mind.&nbsp; That means as a writer, once you get to your ending, you have the chance (the obligation) to go back and set it up.&nbsp; Writers who know this are effective rewriters.&nbsp; They know that if the first ending they wrote doesn&#8217;t work, that they can write a new one that does and then go back into the story to set it up.&nbsp; Revision can be everything.&nbsp; Trust the revision.<\/p>\n<p>Here are three of my favorite endings of all time.&nbsp; If you go back and look at your favorite stories or novels, reread the ending and ask yourself why they are so good.&nbsp; You might teach yourself something about finishing a piece.<\/p>\n<p><em>From &#8220;The Fall of the House of Usher,&#8221; by Edgar Allan Poe<\/em><\/p>\n<p>From that chamber and from that mansion, I fled aghast.&nbsp; The storm was still abroad in all its wrath as I found myself crossing the old causeway.&nbsp; Suddenly there shot along the path a wild light, and I turned to see whence a gleam so unusual could have issued; for the vast house and its shadows were alone behind me.&nbsp; The radiance was that of the full, setting, and blood-red moon, which now shone vividly through that once barely discernible fissure, of which I have before spoken as extending from the roof of the building, in a zigzag direction, to the base.&nbsp; While I gazed, this entire orb of the satellite burst at once upon my sight&#8211;my brain reeled as I saw the mighty walls rushing asunder&#8211;there was a long tumultuous shouting sound like the voice of a thousand waters&#8211;and the deep and dank tarn at my feet closed sullenly and silently over the fragments of the &#8216;House of Usher.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p><em>From &#8220;Flowers for Algernon,&#8221; by Daniel Keyes<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Good-by Miss Kinnian and Dr Strauss and evreybody.&nbsp; And P.S. please tell Dr Nemur not to be such a grouch when pepul laff at him and he woud have more frends.&nbsp; Its easy to make frends if you let pepul laff at you.&nbsp; Im going to have lots of frends where I go.<\/p>\n<p>P.P.S.&nbsp; Please if you get a chanse put some flowrs on Algernons grave in the bak yard . . .<\/p>\n<p><em>From \u201cFondly Fahrenheit,\u201d by Alfred Bester<\/em><\/p>\n<p>But we know one truth.&nbsp; We know they were wrong.&nbsp; The new robot and Vandaleur know that because the new robot\u2019s started twitching too.&nbsp; Reet!&nbsp; Here on cold Pollux, the robot is twitching and singing.&nbsp; No heat, but my fingers writhe.&nbsp; No heat, but it\u2019s taken the little Talley girl off for a solitary walk.&nbsp; A cheap labor robot.&nbsp; A servo-mechanism . . . all I could afford . . . but it\u2019s twitching and humming and walking alone with the child somewhere and I can\u2019t find them.&nbsp; Christ!&nbsp; Vandaleur can\u2019t find me before it\u2019s too late.&nbsp; Cool and discrete, honey.&nbsp; In the dancing frost while the thermometer registers 10\u00b0 fondly Fahrenheit.<\/p>\n<p>*(note from earlier) Actually it&#8217;s rare that I read a story that is wonderful until it botches the ending.&nbsp; I think there is a relationship between knowing what you are doing well enough in the middle that the middle is good, and writing a good ending.&nbsp; You can be sure, though, when I edit, if everything is wonderful until the end, that I will ask for a rewrite.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Writing the conclusion to a story can be hard!&nbsp; First off, the whole story has been leading to this last page, so the sense of responsibility to the story and to the reader is huge.&nbsp; I don&#8217;t want to end the story on a lame note, and I don&#8217;t want the readers to feel cheated, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,6,3],"tags":[31,12,30,9,7],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-craft","category-short-stories","category-writing","tag-beginnings","tag-craft","tag-endings","tag-short-stories","tag-writing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":497,"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions\/497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jamesvanpelt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}